NASA's fission surface power technology would help establish lunar outpost
Washington, September 11 : NASA engineers are developing fission surface power
technology, which would provide the necessary power for a lunar outpost when astronauts
return to the Moon in the future.
A fission surface power system on the moon has the potential to generate a steady 40
kilowatts of electric power, enough for about eight houses on Earth.
It works by splitting uranium atoms in a reactor to generate heat that then is
converted into electric power.
The fission surface power system can produce large amounts of power in harsh
environments, like those on the surface of the moon or Mars, because it does not rely on
sunlight.
The primary components of fission surface power systems are a heat source, power
conversion, heat rejection and power conditioning, and distribution.
"Our goal is to build a technology demonstration unit with all the major components of
a fission surface power system and conduct non-nuclear, integrated system testing in a
ground-based space simulation facility," said Lee Mason, principal investigator for the
test at NASA's Glenn Center in Cleveland, US.
"Our long-term goal is to demonstrate technical readiness early in the next decade,
when NASA is expected to decide on the type of power system to be used on the lunar
surface," he added.
Glenn recently contracted for the design and analysis of two different types of
advanced power conversion units as an early step in the development of a full system-level
technology demonstration.
These power conversion units are necessary to process the heat produced by the nuclear
reactor and efficiently convert it to electrical power.
The first design concept by Sunpower Inc., of Athens, Ohio, uses two opposed piston
engines coupled to alternators that produce 6 kilowatts each, or a total of 12 kilowatts
of power.
The second contract with Barber Nichols Inc. of Arvada, Colorado., is for development
of a closed Brayton cycle engine that uses a high speed turbine and compressor coupled to
a rotary alternator that also generates 12 kilowatts of power.
"Development and testing of the power conversion unit will be a key factor in
demonstrating the readiness of fission surface power technology and provide NASA with
viable and cost-effective options for nuclear power on the moon and Mars," said Don Palac,
manager of Glenn's Fission Surface Power Project.
After a one year design and analysis phase, a single contractor will be selected to
build and test a prototype power conversion unit.
When complete, the power conversion unit will be integrated with the other technology
demonstration unit's major components.
Testing of the non-nuclear system is expected to take place at Glenn in 2012 or
2013.
--ANI
