Soybeans and coconuts used to make aviation fuel to power jets
Washington, Oct 11 : Scientists in the US have turned oil from plants like soybeans
and coconuts into jet fuel that is equivalent to kerosene derived from oil.
According to a report in the Scientific American, working with the U.S. Department of
Defense's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), scientists at the Energy and
Environmental Research Center (EERC) at the University of North Dakota turned these plant
oils into fuel that had a similar density, energy content and even freezing point.
"It's got a freeze point of -47 degrees Celsius (-52.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Anyone
familiar with biodiesel can tell you that's no small feat," said chemical engineer Chad
Wocken, EERC environmental technologies research manager.
"It's processed so that it contains only the same hydrocarbon molecules present in
petroleum fuel," he added.
Wocken said that the process is thermocatalytic. In other words, the engineers heat the
plant oils in the presence of an undisclosed catalyst to create a slew of petroleum
products.
In fact, the process is not unlike conventional oil refining in that it produces
everything from the kerosene used as aviation fuel to regular gasoline.
"The processing costs would be similar and comparable to petroleum oil refining, and
perhaps even less expensive, because you're not dealing with contaminants like sulfur,"
said Wocken.
Of course, the biofuel's ultimate price tag is yet to be determined as only "gallons"
of it have been brewed compared with the more than 60 million gallons (225 million liters)
of jet fuel consumed daily in the U.S.
But, it will in large part depend on the price to grow the crops themselves. All have
been fluctuating in recent months due to newly volatile global commodity markets.
Virgin Atlantic has flown a jumbo jet on a combination of conventional jet fuel and
biofuel made from palm oil, and a jet powered solely by biodiesel has stayed aloft for
more than 30 minutes-albeit with a special device to keep its fuel from freezing at high
altitude.
The EERC is currently in the process of producing 25 gallons (95 liters) of the bio-jet
fuel for ground testing in a jet engine as early as next month.
--ANI
