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The world-first initiative has demonstrated that real-time genome sequencing during severe infections allows doctors to quickly identify resistance mutations, personalise treatment, and help curb the spread of antibiotic resistance, according to a release from the Melbourne-based Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute) on Wednesday, reports Xinhua news agency.

Collaborating with seven local hospitals, scientists from the Doherty Institute said that traditionally, hospital laboratories identify bacteria using standard tests that reveal only the species type, offering limited insight into antibiotic resistance or genetic changes, the release said.

In contrast, genome sequencing provides a comprehensive genetic profile, uncovering mutations that can influence how bacteria respond to treatment, it said.

Previously, research into bacterial evolution was typically carried out retrospectively, often years after patients had completed treatment. In contrast, this new method enables clinicians to monitor bacterial changes in real-time, providing immediate and actionable insights for patient care, said the study published in Nature Communications.

Comparing golden staph samples from patients at the start of infection and at treatment failure, researchers found that in a third of cases, the bacteria developed mutations making standard antibiotics ineffective, said lead author Stefano Giulieri at the Doherty Institute and the University of Melbourne.

"In one case, after initially controlling a golden staph infection, the patient returned to the hospital two months after stopping antibiotics," Giulieri said, adding that resistance increased eightyfold within two months, but genomic insights enabled clinicians to successfully adapt treatment and cure the infection.

Following the study, Victorian hospitals will launch the world's first clinical genomic service for treatment-resistant cases, said the release.

- IANS