Scientists find solution to remove scourge of arsenic poisoning in South Asia
Washington, August 29 : Researchers at the Queen's University Belfast have come up with
a solution to the world's worst case of ongoing mass poisoning by creating a new low-cost
technology to provide arsenic-free water to millions of people in South Asia, who are
currently exposed to high levels of the poison in groundwater.
Currently, over 70 million people in Eastern India and Bangladesh, experience
involuntary arsenic exposure from consuming water and rice; the main staple food in the
region.
This includes farmers who have to use contaminated groundwater from minor irrigation
schemes.
It is estimated that for every random sample of 100 people in the Bengal Delta, at
least one person will be near death as a result of arsenic poisoning, while five in 100
will be experiencing other symptoms.
Now, leading an international team, Queen's researchers have developed a trial plant in
Kasimpore, near Calcutta, which offers chemical-free groundwater treatment technology to
rural communities for all their drinking and farming needs.
The technology is based on recharging a part of the groundwater, after aeration, into a
subterranean aquifer (permeable rock) able to hold water. Increased levels of oxygen in
the groundwater slow down the arsenic release from the soil.
At higher dissolved oxygen levels, soil micro organisms, as well as iron and manganese,
reduce the dissolved arsenic level significantly.
According to Dr Bhaskar Sen Gupta of Queen's, co-ordinator of the project, arsenic
poisoning is behind many instances of ill-health in Southern Asia, including a rising
number of cancer cases.
Developing a low cost method of decontaminating ground water that is laced with high
levels of arsenic is a key challenge for sustainable agriculture there.
"While there are some techniques available for treating relatively small quantities of
water, there has, until now, been no viable technology available for decontaminating
groundwater on a large scale that can ensure safe irrigation and potable water supply,"
said Dr Gupta.
"This project developed by Queen's is the only method which is eco-friendly, easy to
use and deliverable to the rural community user at an affordable cost," he added.
"From its inception we have had the vital support of Indian-based stakeholders, such as
village councils and local financial institutions. This has been vital as they are the
authorities who monitor the water supply and distribution in rural areas and provide
micro-credit to the local farmers," explained Dr Sen Gupta.
"With their help, we now have a solution which is transferable to many areas in need
across Asia," he added.
The new plant will be maintained and operated by local village technicians.
--ANI
